Fennel is a perennial herb that is native to the Mediterranean region. It has a distinctive, anise-like flavor and is used in a variety of dishes, including soups, salads, and baked goods. Fennel has tall, feathery leaves and small, yellow flowers that bloom in the summer. The plant has a bulbous base that is edible and is often used as a vegetable. The seeds, leaves, and stems of the plant are also edible and are used as a spice or herb. Fennel is rich in nutrients, including fiber, potassium, and vitamins C and A. It is low in calories and has a number of health benefits, including aiding in digestion, reducing inflammation, and improving heart health.
Sowing
- Fennel can be sown directly in the garden or started indoors, depending on your local climate and growing season. If starting indoors, sow the seeds 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date.
- Choose a sunny location with well-drained, fertile soil. Fennel prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).
- Sow fennel seeds about 1/4 inch deep and space them 6-12 inches apart in rows or beds.
- Keep the soil consistently moist for germination, which usually takes 7-14 days. Thin the seedlings to achieve proper spacing once they are a few inches tall.
Growing
- Fennel plants prefer even moisture. Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods.
- Fertilize the soil with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer before planting or work in well-rotted compost into the soil before sowing.
- Fennel can grow as a bulb or as a leafy herb, so adjust care based on your intended use. To grow a bulb, provide consistent moisture and space the plants farther apart. To grow it as an herb, allow closer spacing and less water.
Harvesting
- Fennel bulbs are ready for harvest when they reach the desired size and have a white, bulbous base with a firm texture. Harvest typically takes about 90-100 days after sowing.
- To harvest fennel bulbs, use a sharp knife or shears to cut them from the base of the plant, leaving a small portion of the stem attached.
- Fennel fronds (the feathery leaves) can be harvested and used as an herb throughout the growing season.
Storing
- Fennel bulbs are ready for harvest when they reach the desired size and have a white, bulbous base with a firm texture. Harvest typically takes about 90-100 days after sowing.
- To harvest fennel bulbs, use a sharp knife or shears to cut them from the base of the plant, leaving a small portion of the stem attached.
- Fennel fronds (the feathery leaves) can be harvested and used as an herb throughout the growing season.
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